{"id":99,"date":"2026-04-02T05:01:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/quick-start-er-diagrams-build-first-schema-15-minutes\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T05:01:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:01:30","slug":"quick-start-er-diagrams-build-first-schema-15-minutes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/quick-start-er-diagrams-build-first-schema-15-minutes\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER: T\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong 15 ph\u00fat m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong> (ERD) c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u00fat v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER<\/strong>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy logic c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

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\"Cute<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udd14 Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Thay v\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau (m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7). G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c logic kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ERD, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n

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  • C\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/strong>l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3? (Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3)<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/strong>chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3? (Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh)<\/li>\n
  • L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/strong>\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, khi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i sau n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    \ud83e\uddf1 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER bao g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

    1. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, S\u00e1ch<\/em>, T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em>, v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/em> th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m MemberID<\/em>, T\u00ean<\/em>, Email<\/em>, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y tham gia<\/em>.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/em>, th\u00ec MemberID<\/em> l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec1u S\u00e1ch<\/em>.<\/li>\n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t S\u00e1ch<\/em> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udd17 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh cardinality<\/h2>\n

          Cardinality l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B?\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai cardinality s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i cardinality ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Lo\u1ea1i cardinality<\/strong><\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1)<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n; m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N)<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B. Chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N)<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/td>\nSinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean tham gia nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Khi v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng giao nhau (ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

          \u270d\ufe0f Ch\u1ecdn phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER, nh\u01b0ng hai phong c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh. Bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

          1. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n Chim<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 tham gia b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n
          • H\u00ecnh thoi ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra \u201cNhi\u1ec1u\u201d.<\/li>\n
          • G\u1ea1ch ngang:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra \u201cT\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn\u201d (Kh\u00f4ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 SQL. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nhanh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

            2. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen<\/h3>\n

            T\u00ean g\u1ecdi theo Peter Chen, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh thoi cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh elip cho thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
            • H\u00ecnh thoi:<\/strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
            • H\u00ecnh elip:<\/strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u00edt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0u ti\u00ean k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n Chim v\u00ec t\u00ednh g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udcc4 B\u01b0\u1edbc theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

              S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1ebd ch\u01b0a? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ed9t C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng S\u00e1ch Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong> (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua)<\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> (Giao d\u1ecbch)<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> (\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n)<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/strong>(C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                V\u1ebd b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ghi nh\u00e3n ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

                V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, Email, \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>OrderID, OrderDate, T\u1ed5ngS\u1ed1Ti\u1ec1n, \u0110\u1ecbaCh\u1ec9GiaoH\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong>ProductID, T\u00ean, Gi\u00e1, S\u1ed1L\u01b0\u1ee3ngKho.<\/li>\n
                • Danh m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>CategoryID, T\u00eanDanhM\u1ee5c, M\u00f4T\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00e1c Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. G\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n c\u00e1cID<\/em>tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

                  B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. (1:N)<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. (M:N)<\/li>\n
                  • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn Danh m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. (1:N)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0110\u1ebfn-Nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

                    B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> v\u00e0 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong>c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0110\u1ebfn-Nhi\u1ec1u. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
                    • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> (1:N).<\/li>\n
                    • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> (1:N).<\/li>\n
                    • Th\u00eam thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong>: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                      Ngay c\u1ea3 khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                      1. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/h3>\n

                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean chung nh\u01b0 D\u1eefli\u1ec7u1<\/em> ho\u1eb7c B\u1ea3ngA<\/em> s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. Thay v\u00ec FK_Khachhang<\/em>, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng IDKhachhang<\/em>. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                      2. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy v\u1ea5n, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                      3. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ed7ng<\/h3>\n

                      Lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong> ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Danh m\u1ee5c<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n, h\u00e3y cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng. Logic n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                      4. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n

                      Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u01a1i Entiti A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o B, B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o C v\u00e0 C ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y logic trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udcc8 T\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

                      Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                      1. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang SQL<\/h3>\n

                      M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t T\u1ea0O B\u1ea2NG<\/code>l\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed7i Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t KH\u00d3A CH\u00cdNH<\/code>r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t KH\u00d3A N\u01af\u1edaC NGO\u00c0I<\/code>r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                      2. X\u00e1c minh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft Gi\u00e1<\/em>. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 INT<\/code>, FLOAT<\/code>, hay DECIMAL<\/code>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TH\u1eacP PH\u00c2N<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sai s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd xong.<\/p>\n

                      3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a logic<\/h3>\n

                      Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83c\udfa8 M\u1eb9o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c quan hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

                      Ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                      • Ghi nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ebft \u201c1\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNhi\u1ec1u\u201d g\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u00ednh cardinal ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
                      • Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n nhau tr\u00ean trang.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u00fat m\u00e0u, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u cho c\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f T\u1ea1i sao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y b\u00fat?<\/h2>\n

                        R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 m\u1edf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c th\u00f4 trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. Di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u1eadp trung:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u00e9o th\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/li>\n
                        • T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> X\u00f3a l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
                        • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00f3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xin ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Khi logic \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                          \ud83d\udcda C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

                          B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD b\u1eb1ng tay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. Ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                          Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi cho th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh; n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng tay, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

                          L\u1ea5y b\u00fat ra, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda. Logic cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 trong 15 ph\u00fat","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[10,11],"class_list":["post-99","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 trong 15 ph\u00fat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. 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