{"id":91,"date":"2026-04-02T21:22:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T21:22:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/er-diagrams-agile-obsolete-myth-buster\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T21:22:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T21:22:07","slug":"er-diagrams-agile-obsolete-myth-buster","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/er-diagrams-agile-obsolete-myth-buster\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f3c T\u00e1ch Th\u1ea7n Tho\u1ea1i: C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Agile?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Waterfall c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc sang c\u00e1c khung Agile linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. V\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng sau code. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn:C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile nhanh ch\u00f3ng, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb1ng sau huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong>. B\u00ean kia, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Agile<\/strong>. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83d\udcd0<\/h3>\n

ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (b\u1ea3ng), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (c\u1ed9t) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i). N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Email, Gi\u00e1, Ng\u00e0y).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau (M\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, M\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u, Nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Waterfall, n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

    T\u01b0 duy Agile \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

    Agile \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Agile cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

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      Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n di\u1ec5n ra theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      Code \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ‘ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u’ v\u1edbi ‘m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u’, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i hai tu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian v\u1ebd c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0o sprint ti\u1ebfp theo?<\/p>\n

      Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i: T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 ERD \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \ud83d\udc80<\/h2>\n

      N\u1ed7i tin r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

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        T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 giao h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ORM (b\u1ed9 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-quan h\u1ec7) cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Di chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u2705<\/h2>\n

        D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t blog \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

        1. Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

        M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00fa ph\u00e1p SQL. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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          R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          \u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2. Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

          Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thao t\u00e1c JOIN:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Chi ph\u00ed t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh di chuy\u1ec3n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            ERD gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

            3. To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \ud83d\udd12<\/h3>\n

            Agile kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. ERD x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea5u x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

            4. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u26a1<\/h3>\n

            Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. ERD gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

            T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ERD v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh Agile \ud83c\udfc3<\/h2>\n

            V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ERD quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Agile? Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5ic\u00e1ch<\/em>b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1edbn ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            1. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ERD c\u1ea5p cao cho sprint hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Khi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n li\u00ean quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

            2. Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n

            Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. L\u01b0u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

            3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n

            Tham gia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, DBA v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi \ud83d\udea7<\/h3>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservices, vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. ERD gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ‘monolith ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n’ khi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chia s\u1ebb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

            So s\u00e1nh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi Agile \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ERD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Agile hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

            		\n

            Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Waterfall)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

            		\n

            Agile \/ Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            T\u1ea1o ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u0129nh.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            T\u1ea1o theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c sprint.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Chi ti\u1ebft cao, bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            C\u1ea5p cao ban \u0111\u1ea7u, chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            V\u1ebd tay, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DBA.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung gi\u1eefa to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Kh\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m Agile.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong> C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0ng qu\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t khi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              B\u1ecf qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              C\u1ea7u to\u00e0n:<\/strong> Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Trong Agile, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong Agile \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau.<\/p>\n

              1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

              T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1ed1 \u00edt hay s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u) v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ed9t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: snake_case hay camelCase). \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

              2. Ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 (1:1, 1:N, M:N). S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Crow\u2019s Foot ho\u1eb7c UML \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

              3. Gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ban \u0111\u1ea7u \ud83e\udded<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eebng v\u1ebd t\u1eebng c\u1ed9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

              4. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng CI\/CD \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

              Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac schema tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch vi ph\u1ea1m ERD, lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

              5. Xem x\u00e9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Sprint \ud83d\udcc5<\/h3>\n

              Khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t sprint m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t nhanh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u201cLi\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

              Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

              Khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho MVP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t startup, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Sharding):<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                T\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i ghi:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc cao gi\u00fap \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ERD trong Agile kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ERD kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a trong ng\u0103n k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong quy tr\u00ecnh Agile c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n trao quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhanh h\u01a1n. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n

                D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Waterfall c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc sang c\u00e1c khung Agile linh ho\u1ea1t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":92,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"B\u00f3c t\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong Agile kh\u00f4ng? \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong Agile kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[10,11],"class_list":["post-91","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u00f3c t\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong Agile kh\u00f4ng? \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong Agile kh\u00f4ng? 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