{"id":79,"date":"2026-04-04T11:46:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T11:46:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/er-diagram-evolution-nosql-polyglot-persistence\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T11:46:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T11:46:55","slug":"er-diagram-evolution-nosql-polyglot-persistence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/er-diagram-evolution-nosql-polyglot-persistence\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn: ER Diagram thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh NoSQL v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 t\u1eebng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a SQL. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh NoSQL v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Child's<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ERD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc cardinality nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

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  • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
  • Cardinality:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ACID, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ERD truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

    S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u NoSQL \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy c\u1eadp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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    • T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00fd CAP \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u1ee9c th\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi r\u1eddi xa c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c quan h\u1ec7, ERD tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

      Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, trong khi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ed1ng trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

      Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ERD duy nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ERD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, danh m\u1ee5c<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac JSON l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb<\/td>\nM\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 C\u1ea1nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean<\/td>\nB\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tra c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u1ed3n kho<\/td>\nB\u1ea3ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

      Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 JSON. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00fang th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i (join). Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

      Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a sau:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Nh\u00fang:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan b\u00ean trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
      • Tham chi\u1ebfu:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ID \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu thay v\u00ec kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic thay v\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \ud83d\udd78\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb coi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng quan h\u1ec7 n\u01a1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00fat:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ‘bi\u1ebft’ c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ‘t\u1eeb khi’.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i duy\u1ec7t:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch truy v\u1ea5n duy\u1ec7t qua \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p s\u00e2u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t trong khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u00fat trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng Kh\u00f3a-Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \ud83d\udddd\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u phi\u00ean. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
          • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch TTL (Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng) cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ebfm khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

            Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

            Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, do vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NoSQL. Vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u1edf kho kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a D\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n
            • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Giao d\u1ecbch:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n trong m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec \u1edf l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a D\u1eef li\u1ec7u Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2705<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7; l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 phi quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
              • M\u1eabu Truy c\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ti\u00ean:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

                Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

                C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u00fat trong m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u00fat trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n
                • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y:<\/strong>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c thu h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n

                  Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
                  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
                  • D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                  • V\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>Thu th\u1eadp ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thay v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c tra c\u1ee9u theo kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 t\u1eebng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 NoSQL v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \ud83d\ude80","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi NoSQL v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[10,11],"class_list":["post-79","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 NoSQL v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \ud83d\ude80<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi NoSQL v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f3a-gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/er-diagram-evolution-nosql-polyglot-persistence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 NoSQL v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \ud83d\ude80\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi NoSQL v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. 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