{"id":69,"date":"2026-04-05T08:29:12","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T08:29:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/scaling-erd-thousands-millions-records\/"},"modified":"2026-04-05T08:29:12","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T08:29:12","slug":"scaling-erd-thousands-millions-records","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/scaling-erd-thousands-millions-records\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 nhau. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n ghi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 trong v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) tr\u00f4ng tinh t\u1ebf. R\u1ed3i doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng nhanh. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i (join) m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a (lock) ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ERD ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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\"Cartoon<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f C\u01a1 s\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. ERD ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao. D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 logarit. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd truy v\u1ea5n qu\u00e9t t\u0103ng theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. I\/O \u0111\u0129a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic sang hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n t\u1eebng m\u1ea5t 5ms nay m\u1ea5t 500ms.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ch\u00e8n ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i do duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
  • \u00c1p l\u1ef1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
  • B\u00e3o h\u00f2a m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u1eadp k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ERD ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd0d Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh xem c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a so v\u1edbi phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

    n<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/strong>Phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean truy c\u1eadp. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghi:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Tr\u00e1nh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt lan truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef cho l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c view \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra I\/O \u0111\u0129a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u00ednh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

      X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n

      L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i l\u1edbn (CLOBs) trong b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc trang. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ra \u0111\u0129a.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
      • Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
      • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef tham chi\u1ebfu (ID) thay v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung trong ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \ud83d\udcc8 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n ghi t\u0103ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ghi.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ecdc theo nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u1ed9t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cao nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/em> v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/em> c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb), h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y<\/em> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thu h\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c bao ph\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

        Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c bao ph\u1ee7 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho truy v\u1ea5n. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng (heap). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c SELECT<\/code>c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
        • Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c WHERE<\/code>c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
        • Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c S\u1eaeP X\u1ebeP THEO<\/code> c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c:<\/strong>S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trang l\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
          • Theo d\u00f5i:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian ghi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Chia t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n

            Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chia m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng logic th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            Chia t\u00e1ch theo kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

            Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c ID tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n l\u1ecdc theo kh\u00f3a chia t\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
            • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a chia t\u00e1ch s\u1ebd qu\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n (qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Chia t\u00e1ch theo h\u00e0m b\u0103m<\/h3>\n

              Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
              • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n theo kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh ngang so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh d\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

                Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chia t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh ngang<\/td>\nChia c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a.<\/td>\nL\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi cao, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Chia theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/td>\nChia c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c c\u1ed9t l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Chia theo th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n.<\/td>\nLogic \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai chia theo chi\u1ec1u ngang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean n\u0103m n\u00fat. M\u1ed7i n\u00fat x\u1eed l\u00fd kho\u1ea3ng 20% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\ude80 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy v\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n k\u00e9m v\u1eabn l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. B\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ef1c thi. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                Tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n

                Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o truy v\u1ea5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 qu\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c thi. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u201cIndex Scan\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cIndex Seek\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cTable Scan\u201d.<\/p>\n

                H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eadp k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n

                Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n trang. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n offset:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n trang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm khi offset s\u00e2u.<\/li>\n
                • Ph\u00e2n trang theo kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ID cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y trang ti\u1ebfp theo. Nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Gom c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

                  Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t. Chia ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ghi l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i 1.000 b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                    M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • T\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong>Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm thao t\u00e1c ghi. Theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ghi.<\/li>\n
                    • B\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ngVARCHAR<\/code> cho ID c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng gian. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng INT<\/code> ho\u1eb7c BIGINT<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n N+1:<\/strong> L\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i nh\u00f3m batch.<\/li>\n
                    • X\u00f3a m\u1ec1m:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1ea3n ghi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u1eef ch\u00fang trong b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169.<\/li>\n
                    • Kh\u00f3a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3ng khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83d\udcca C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

                      B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. X\u00e1c l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • S\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1ed1 truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y:<\/strong> C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i?<\/li>\n
                      • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hit b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111ang truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb hay \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a?<\/li>\n
                      • Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1edd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                      • I\/O \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u00e3o h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udd04 S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD<\/h2>\n

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                        D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 (B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u):<\/strong> Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. 3NF. M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t. 100.000 b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n
                        2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 (Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n):<\/strong> Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00eam ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t. 5 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n
                        3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 (M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng):<\/strong>Chia theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. Chia theo ID ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. 50 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n
                        4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 (Ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i):<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m. B\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ecdc. 500 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo.<\/p>\n

                          \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

                          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \u2610 X\u00e1c minh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 SELECT *<\/code> trong m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169 v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1eadm.<\/li>\n
                          • \u2610 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \ud83d\udca1 Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/h2>\n

                            M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh nh\u01b0ng s\u1eadp khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                            M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eadp. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            M\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 nhau. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. C\u01a1 s\u1edf…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":70,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3: T\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi. 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