{"id":53,"date":"2026-04-07T12:55:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T12:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/common-mistakes-junior-engineers-er-diagrams-microservices\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T12:55:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T12:55:29","slug":"common-mistakes-junior-engineers-er-diagrams-microservices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/common-mistakes-junior-engineers-er-diagrams-microservices\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac monolithic sang d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea3n n\u0103ng sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monolithic v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho l\u1edbp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4, m\u1ed9t ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 chung, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

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\"Cartoon<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udca1 B\u1eaby di s\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monolithic<\/h2>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng monolithic. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-\u0111un. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ERD tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t ERD monolithic t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ghi v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t ERD cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Khi b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1ea7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monolithic, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u01b0 duy h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monolithic:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • T\u01b0 duy d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ea1m vi ERD:<\/strong>N\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo t\u1eebng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    L\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ERD to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00ean c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f Sai l\u1ea7m 1: M\u1eabu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00ean chia s\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng. D\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B \u0111\u1ec1u truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 hai d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n l\u1ed7i:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    • R\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>Truy c\u1eadp r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng do c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi API ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i truy c\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

      Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang<\/h3>\n

      Khi xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd17 Sai l\u1ea7m 2: Xem kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n

      Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i lan truy\u1ec1n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

      S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

      Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservices, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ghi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat. Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong microservices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng tham chi\u1ebfu logic. L\u01b0u ID c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kia x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        \ud83c\udf0d Sai l\u1ea7m 3: B\u1ecf qua ranh gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo mi\u1ec1n kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n (DDD). M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thay v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh doanh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng cho \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

        Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi kinh doanh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cao. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Thanh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thanh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, trong khi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp. G\u1ed9p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o danh t\u00ednh, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i giao h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u00eanh, tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu b\u1edfi n\u0103m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00e3y nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chung ho\u1eb7c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1eebng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p n\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, thay v\u00ec chia s\u1ebb n\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udd04 Sai l\u1ea7m 4: T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

          Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong microservices, t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh. \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

          Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

          Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B, D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ghi:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a).<\/li>\n
          • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecdc:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng phi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u201cLi\u1ec7u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udcc8 Sai l\u1ea7m 5: B\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

            L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

            Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng monolith, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai. Trong microservices, vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t API b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

            X\u1eed l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. Thay v\u00ec th\u00eam c\u1ed9t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng metadata ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
            • Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
            • Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n API th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ‘l\u1ec7ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3’ khi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Monolith so v\u1edbi Microservices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Monolith<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Microservices<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00e1n theo t\u1eebng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nG\u1ecdi API ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ea1nh (ACID)<\/td>\nCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00fd CAP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong><\/td>\nTri\u1ec3n khai duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nTri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Mi\u1ec1n l\u1ed7i<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nL\u1ed7i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u2705 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n

              Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y \u0111i qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>C\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ghi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • T\u00ednh idempotent:<\/strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

                Khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh doanh m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n
                2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n).<\/li>\n
                3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
                4. Ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (JSON cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t, Chu\u1ed7i cho \u0111\u1ecbnh danh).<\/li>\n
                5. Xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9\u8026\u5408:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                6. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00fa n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n x\u1ea3y ra (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1edf l\u1edbp API so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \ud83d\udd12 C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/h2>\n

                  M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

                  N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PII), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf xung quanh ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 PII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83e\udde0 Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                  Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho c\u00e1c microservice \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, ai s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                  Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0m cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o theo c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ranh gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh logic kinh doanh thay v\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac monolithic sang d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u1edf microservice: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservice. Tr\u00e1nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[10,11],"class_list":["post-53","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nNh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u1edf microservice: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac microservice. 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