{"id":311,"date":"2026-03-23T13:30:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T13:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/managing-non-functional-requirements-user-stories\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T13:30:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T13:30:34","slug":"managing-non-functional-requirements-user-stories","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/managing-non-functional-requirements-user-stories\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong C\u00e1c C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong>. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/strong>. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (NFRs) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ecf qua ch\u00fang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng thay v\u00ec suy ngh\u0129 sau, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hy sinh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

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\"Marker-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef. M\u1ed9t C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

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  • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cL\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d\n<\/li>\n
  • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cLi\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n trong 15 ph\u00fat.\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cTrang ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i trong d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 gi\u00e2y.\u201d\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec<\/em>c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>n\u00f3 n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao. Khi hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, c\u00e1c NFR th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i sprint ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u201cch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eadm\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c NFR l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua \u274c<\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c NFR s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm khi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra khi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u201cnhanh\u201d hay \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng giao ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      C\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c NFR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      1. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (DoD) \ud83c\udfc1<\/h3>\n

      Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chom\u1ed7i<\/em>k\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u00e9 ri\u00eang cho b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0o DoD.<\/p>\n

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      • M\u1ecdi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
      • Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3m tra NFR:<\/strong> T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3m tra NFR:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 “Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh” cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169.<\/p>\n

        2. Nh\u00fang v\u00e0o Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u2705<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 NFR ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea7n Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a K\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 K\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1eafm, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1.
        \n
        Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng.
        \n
        Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed NFR:<\/strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 500ms k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi di chuy\u1ec3n thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n

        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ti\u00eau ch\u00ed, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

        3. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n NFR \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \ud83d\udccb<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ed9t NFR qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e9 ri\u00eang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng:<\/strong>T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t khung b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
        • M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ra nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c NFR \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Danh m\u1ee5c<\/th>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/th>\nCh\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o?<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian t\u1ea3i trang < 2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n?<\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 99,9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 > 90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p < 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u26a1<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 m\u1ea5t 3 gi\u00e2y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u201d. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 200ms c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:<\/strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \ud83d\udd12<\/h3>\n

            B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh khi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
            • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che khu\u1ea5t hay m\u00e3 h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n
            • D\u00f2ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

              Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h3>\n

              Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc so v\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang:<\/strong>T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 duy nh\u1ea5t, hay c\u1ea7n th\u00eam m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7?<\/li>\n
              • \u0110i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i n\u00e0o t\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u? API? Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ph\u00eda frontend?<\/li>\n
              • Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi: \u201cLi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi?\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (AC) l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh doanh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (NFR) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng AC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n

                AC:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i nhanh.<\/p>\n

                V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/em>\u201cNhanh\u201d l\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u nhanh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n

                AC:<\/strong> Trang k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i trong v\u00f2ng 1,5 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 95% c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/em> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean khi vi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn NFR<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con s\u1ed1:<\/strong>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/li>\n
                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201ctr\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 4G\u201d).<\/li>\n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu NFR kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \ud83e\uddea<\/h2>\n

                  Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0nh vi. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed NFR x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb:<\/strong>Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh logic. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 API.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i:<\/strong>M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                  • Qu\u00e9t b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed NFR. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

                    H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

                    Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd NFR l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro kinh doanh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt).<\/li>\n
                    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n
                      • \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (NFRs).<\/li>\n
                      • Th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1ea3i).<\/li>\n
                        • X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
                        • B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c suy gi\u1ea3m trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \/ K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          • \u0110\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                          • Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh doanh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

                            Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 100. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                            • B\u1ecf qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                            • T\u01b0 duy theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
                            • B\u1ecf qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UX):<\/strong>C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. M\u1ed9t trang web nhanh nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

                              L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Th\u1eddi gian d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 giao h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, h\u00e3y tinh ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed.<\/li>\n
                              • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                              • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u00edt khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 s\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                              • \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1ng:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c c\u1eeda ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \ud83d\udd10<\/h2>\n

                                H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (NFRs).<\/p>\n

                                C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

                                Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n<\/p>\n

                                M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n
                                  \n
                                • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp. Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                                • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
                                • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt):<\/strong>M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. M\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o phi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n sau 30 ph\u00fat kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
                                • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t):<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
                                • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt):<\/strong>T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a sau 5 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng brute force.<\/li>\n
                                • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (Truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c):<\/strong>Form \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                                  X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \ud83d\udca3<\/h2>\n

                                  Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn t\u00edch l\u0169y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Theo d\u00f5i n\u00f3:<\/strong>Ghi r\u00f5 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                                  • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>D\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cv\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
                                  • Tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
                                  • Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u1ee3 m\u1edbi:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ee3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    B\u1ecf qua n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf qua l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3n vay. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho n\u1ee3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                                    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \ud83c\udfc6<\/h2>\n

                                    Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00eam th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Xem ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                                    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho sprint ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i n\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Th\u00eam ch\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u00fang. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \ud83d\ude80","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[10,16],"class_list":["post-311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-user-story","tag-academic","tag-user-story"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \ud83d\ude80<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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