{"id":291,"date":"2026-03-24T07:31:47","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/defining-acceptance-criteria-stop-scope-creep\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:31:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:31:47","slug":"defining-acceptance-criteria-stop-scope-creep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/vn\/defining-acceptance-criteria-stop-scope-creep\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ng\u0103n Ch\u1eb7n S\u1ef1 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Ph\u1ea1m vi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhanh ch\u00f3ng, s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hay ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ‘ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh’ tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 V\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng Ph\u1ea1m vi Trong C\u00e1c D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Agile \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bloat t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng theo c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i. Ho\u1eb7c, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cL\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
  • T\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c (Gold-Plating):<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
  • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u01b0u ti\u00ean:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 sang c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • L\u00e0m r\u00f5:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t ranh gi\u1edbi:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ‘kh\u00f4ng’ v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn M\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u2705<\/h2>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      1. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

      Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cnhanh\u201d, \u201cd\u1ec5\u201d, hay \u201ctr\u1ef1c quan\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u201cTrang t\u1ea3i trong d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 gi\u00e2y\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u201cTrang t\u1ea3i nhanh\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

      2. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t \u00f4 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1t\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

      3. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hay c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

      4. Kh\u1ea3 thi<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong khung th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      5. Li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

      T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

      6. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi (BDD). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00fa ph\u00e1p Gherkin, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo Given-When-Then<\/strong> \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Given:<\/strong> B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      • When:<\/strong> H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n
      • Then:<\/strong> K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00ec m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

        H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u201cQu\u00ean m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u\u201d.<\/p>\n

        Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed y\u1ebfu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi email.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh (Gherkin):<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang \u1edf trang \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp<\/li>\n
          • Khi h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u201cQu\u00ean m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u\u201d<\/li>\n
          • Th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/li>\n
          • V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t email s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/li>\n
          • V\u00e0 email ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ebd h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n sau 24 gi\u1edd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

            So s\u00e1nh: Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn y\u1ebfu<\/th>\nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/strong><\/td>\nThanh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/td>\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 1 gi\u00e2y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u201cKh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Thanh to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c PayPal. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. M\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u1ea3i l\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng JPG, PNG v\u00e0 PDF. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 5MB. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb thanh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i l\u00ean. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu t\u1ec7p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp an to\u00e0n.<\/td>\nT\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a sau 5 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 8 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. Phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n sau 30 ph\u00fat kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d hay \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

            Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c cho ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0110\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u201cBa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n\u201d.<\/p>\n

            1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n

            Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>. H\u1ecd mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

            2. C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>. H\u1ecd mang c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

            3. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o (QA)<\/h3>\n

            QA x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/em>. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean m\u00e0 logic kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

            Khi ba vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ec9nh, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1eaby khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

            1. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m b\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cL\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong SQL.\u201d Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

            2. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. H\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

            3. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

            Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i? B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

            4. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang. H\u00e3y coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a sprint.<\/p>\n

            5. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/h3>\n

            T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MVP, trong khi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

            \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            1. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

            Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u201cHo\u00e0n th\u00e0nh\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cao cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            2. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n

            N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i sau khi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean. Theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

            3. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n

            \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cao, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

            4. S\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

            H\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m X,\u201d th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

            Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed theo th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

            1. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            2. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. H\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169: \u201cC\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d hay \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

            3. C\u01a1 s\u1edf tri th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

            L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

            4. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

            Khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

            K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khung b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

            Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kinh doanh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

            D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u00e0y giao h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay h\u00f4m nay. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nhanh ch\u00f3ng, s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean trong.","inline_featured_image":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[10,16],"class_list":["post-291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-user-story","tag-academic","tag-user-story"],"yoast_head":"\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. 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