{"id":63,"date":"2026-04-05T18:03:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T18:03:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/tw\/er-diagram-relations-keys-cardinality-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-05T18:03:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T18:03:13","slug":"er-diagram-relations-keys-cardinality-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/tw\/er-diagram-relations-keys-cardinality-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Q&amp;A\uff1a\u89e3\u6c7aER\u5716\u4e2d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u9375\u8207\u5171\u73fe\u6027\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u768415\u500b\u56f0\u60d1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u85cd\u5716\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5728\u5c07\u5546\u696d\u908f\u8f2f\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u6703\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u6e90\u65bc\u8853\u8a9e\u91cd\u758a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d50\u69cb\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u9375\u3001\u5171\u73fe\u6027\u8207\u95dc\u4fc2\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u8907\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u67e5\u8a62\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u9010\u4e00\u89e3\u679015\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u6e05\u6670\u4e14\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5be6\u7528\u7bc4\u4f8b\u8207\u8996\u89ba\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u91d0\u6e05\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Chalkboard-style educational infographic explaining 15 key ER diagram concepts including entities, attributes, primary keys, foreign keys, one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many relationships, cardinality, modality, weak entities, composite keys, normalization, and notation styles, designed with hand-written teacher aesthetic for database design learning\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/er-diagram-15-concepts-chalkboard-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1. \u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u5c6c\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5be6\u9ad4<\/strong>\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u5132\u5b58\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7269\u4ef6\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec<em>\u5ba2\u6236<\/em>, <em>\u7522\u54c1<\/em>\uff0c\u6216<em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5c6c\u6027<\/strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u6a62\u5713\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>\u5ba2\u6236\u59d3\u540d<\/em>\u6216<em>\u7522\u54c1\u50f9\u683c<\/em>\u90fd\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong> \u540d\u8a5e\uff08\u8ab0\uff0f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff08\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7576\u5c6c\u6027\u5305\u542b\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u9805\u76ee\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u5982\u679c<em>\u5730\u5740<\/em>\u662f\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u62c6\u5206\u6210<em>\u8857\u9053<\/em>, <em>\u57ce\u5e02<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<em>\u90f5\u905e\u5340\u865f<\/em>\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2. \u4e3b\u9375\u8207\u552f\u4e00\u9375\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f \ud83d\udd11<\/h2>\n<p>\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u9375\uff1a<\/strong> \u552f\u4e00\u8b58\u5225\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u4e00\u5f35\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u9375\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u552f\u4e00\u9375\uff1a<\/strong> \u78ba\u4fdd\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5f35\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u500b\u552f\u4e00\u9375\u3002\u7a7a\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\uff08\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c07\u4e3b\u9375\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u9375\u5247\u50cf\u8b77\u7167\u865f\u78bc\u2014\u2014\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u500b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u78bc\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5916\u9375\uff1f\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u9023\u7d50\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff1f \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5916\u9375<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6b04\u4f4d\uff08\u6216\u6b04\u4f4d\u96c6\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u5f35\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5169\u5f35\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u500b<em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d<em>\u5ba2\u6236<\/em>\u4e0b\u8a02\u55ae\u3002<em>\u5ba2\u6236\u7de8\u865f<\/em>\u5728<em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u5916\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u8cc7\u6599\u8868<\/th>\n<th>\u6b04\u4f4d<\/th>\n<th>\u89d2\u8272<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5ba2\u6236<\/td>\n<td>\u5ba2\u6236\u7de8\u865f<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3b\u9375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8a02\u55ae<\/td>\n<td>\u5ba2\u6236ID<\/td>\n<td>\u5916\u9375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6b64\u95dc\u4fc2\u5141\u8a31\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u53c3\u8003\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u6709\u6548\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u8a02\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u4ec0\u9ebc\u6642\u5019\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u300d\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n<p>\u7576Table A\u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8a18\u9304\u8207Table B\u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8a18\u9304\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\uff081:1\uff09\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00 <em>\u4eba<\/em> \u548c\u4e00\u500b <em>\u8b77\u7167<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong>\u901a\u5e38\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u683c\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\u8a2d\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u683c\u7684\u5916\u9375\u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7576\u70ba\u4e86\u512a\u5316\u6548\u80fd\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u800c\u62c6\u5206\u5be6\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c07\u50cf <em>\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc<\/em> \u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u654f\u611f\u8cc7\u6599\u79fb\u81f3\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u4ee5 1:1 \u9023\u7d50\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>5. \u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u985e\u578b\u3002Table A \u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8a18\u9304\u6703\u8207 Table B \u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4f46 Table B \u4e2d\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u50c5\u8207 Table A \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> <em>\u90e8\u9580<\/em> \u5230 <em>\u54e1\u5de5<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e00\u500b\u90e8\u9580\u64c1\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u54e1\u5de5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u689d\u9023\u63a5\u5169\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u7dda\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6a19\u793a\u300c\u591a\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u5074\u6703\u63a5\u6536\u5916\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>6. \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u95dc\u4fc2\u6703\u9020\u6210\u554f\u984c\uff1f \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7576Table A\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u8207Table B\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff08M:N\uff09\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5728\u95dc\u4fc2\u578b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u7121\u6a4b\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5be6\u4f5c\u6b64\u985e\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f60\u7121\u6cd5\u50c5\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5916\u9375\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u5217\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u591a\u500bID\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u8868\uff08\u95dc\u806f\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc<em>\u5b78\u751f<\/em> \u548c <em>\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/em>\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b<em>\u8a3b\u518a<\/em>\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5305\u542b<em>\u5b78\u751f\u7de8\u865f<\/em> \u548c <em>\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7de8\u865f<\/em>\u3002\u9019\u6703\u5c07 M:N \u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u5169\u500b 1:\u591a \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>7. \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u57fa\u6578\u8207\u6a21\u614b\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff1f \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u63cf\u8ff0\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7b26\u865f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u6578\uff1a<\/strong> \u6700\u5927\u5be6\u4f8b\u6578\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u614b\uff1a<\/strong> \u6700\u5c0f\u5be6\u4f8b\u6578\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f37\u5236\u6216\u53ef\u9078\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u540d<em>\u54e1\u5de5<\/em>\u5fc5\u9808\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b<em>\u90e8\u9580<\/em>\uff08\u6a21\u614b\uff1a\u5f37\u5236\/1\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u500b<em>\u90e8\u9580<\/em>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55<em>\u54e1\u5de5<\/em>\uff08\u6a21\u614b\uff1a\u53ef\u9078\/0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>8. \u8b58\u5225\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u975e\u8b58\u5225\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2 \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u5728\u65bc\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8b58\u5225\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u7236\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5916\u9375\u662f\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e3b\u9375\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5be6\u7dda\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u8b58\u5225\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5916\u9375\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u9375\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u865b\u7dda\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u500b<em>\u767c\u7968<\/em>\uff08\u7236\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\u548c<em>\u767c\u7968\u660e\u7d30\u9805\u76ee<\/em>\uff08\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\u3002\u660e\u7d30\u9805\u76ee\u662f\u8b58\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u7968\uff0c\u9805\u76ee\u5c31\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>9. \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u905e\u6b78\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n<p>\u7576\u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u95dc\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u905e\u6b78\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u5728\u968e\u5c64\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e00\u500b<em>\u54e1\u5de5<\/em>\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u54e1\u5de5\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684<em>\u7d93\u7406<\/em>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5be6\u4f5c\uff1a<\/strong> \u540c\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u9375\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6b64\u7d50\u69cb\u652f\u63f4\u7d44\u7e54\u67b6\u69cb\u5716\u6216\u5177\u6709\u5b50\u985e\u5225\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u5206\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>10. \u5f31\u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u5f37\u5be6\u9ad4\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f \ud83c\udf31<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5f37\u5be6\u9ad4<\/strong>\u64c1\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\u3002\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5f31\u5be6\u9ad4<\/strong>\u82e5\u7121\u7236\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\uff0c\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u552f\u4e00\u8b58\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8996\u89ba\u5448\u73fe\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f31\u5be6\u9ad4\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u96d9\u91cd\u77e9\u5f62\u7e6a\u88fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u4f9d\u8cf4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u5011\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u8b58\u5225\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b <em>\u53d7\u64ab\u990a\u8005<\/em>\uff08\u914d\u5076\/\u5b50\u5973\uff09\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u3002\u53d7\u64ab\u990a\u8005\u8a18\u9304\u901a\u5e38\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8b58\u5225\u78bc\uff1b\u5b83\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc <em>\u54e1\u5de5\u7de8\u865f<\/em>\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>11. \u4f55\u6642\u61c9\u4f7f\u7528\u8907\u5408\u9375\uff1f \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b <strong>\u8907\u5408\u9375<\/strong>\u7531\u5169\u500b\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u6b04\u4f4d\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u552f\u4e00\u8b58\u5225\u4e00\u5217\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7576\u55ae\u4e00\u6b04\u4f4d\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u60c5\u5883\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u500b <em>\u5b78\u751f\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/em> \u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u9375\uff1a<\/strong> <em>\u5b78\u751f\u7de8\u865f<\/em> + <em>\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7de8\u865f<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4e00ID\u672c\u8eab\u5747\u4e0d\u5177\u552f\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u8005\u7d44\u5408\u5247\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u9700\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u8907\u5408\u9375\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u9375\u95dc\u4fc2\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>12. \u865b\u64ec\u9375\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u9375\uff1a\u8a72\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\uff1f \ud83d\udd22<\/h2>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u6c7a\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u7136\u9375\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u969b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc\uff09\u3002\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u9577\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u8f03\u9577\uff0c\u6216\u5305\u542b\u654f\u611f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u865b\u64ec\u9375\uff1a<\/strong> \u7cfb\u7d71\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u78bc\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u81ea\u52d5\u905e\u589e\u7684\u6574\u6578\uff09\u3002\u512a\u9ede\uff1a\u7a69\u5b9a\u3001\u77ed\u5c0f\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u3002\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1a\u7121\u696d\u52d9\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u52d9\u901a\u5e38\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5728\u5167\u90e8\u8868\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u865b\u64ec\u9375\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7136\u9375\u5728\u641c\u5c0b\u8207\u5831\u8868\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5177\u5be6\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>13. \u6b63\u898f\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff1f \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n<p>\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u662f\u7d44\u7e54\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5197\u9918\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\u4e5f\u6703\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b63\u898f\u5316\uff081NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u6d88\u9664\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u79fb\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u79fb\u9664\u50b3\u905e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8868\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u67e5\u8a62\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u61c9\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8207\u67e5\u8a62\u6548\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u4e4b\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>14. \u9d3f\u8db3\u7b26\u865f\u8207\u9673\u6c0f\u7b26\u865f\uff1a\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\uff1f\ud83d\udc63<\/h2>\n<p>\u7b26\u865f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u8996\u89ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9d3f\u8db3\u7b26\u865f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u7dda\u689d\u672b\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u7dda\u689d\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u548c\u5713\u5708\u7b49\u7b26\u865f\u3002\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u898b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9673\u6c0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u83f1\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u5b78\u8853\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9d3f\u8db3\u7b26\u865f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u7528\u65bc\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u80fd\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230 SQL \u7d04\u675f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9673\u6c0f\u7b26\u865f\u5728\u9ad8\u968e\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>15. \u8cc7\u6599\u5be6\u9ad4\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\uff08DFD\uff09\ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u9031\u671f\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ERD\uff1a<\/strong> \u95dc\u6ce8\u65bc 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