{"id":352,"date":"2026-08-14T07:01:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T07:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/"},"modified":"2026-09-03T15:28:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T15:28:57","slug":"mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/h2>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-from-manual-drawing-to-ai-assisted-modeling-with-visual-paradigm\/\">\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (DFD)<\/a>. \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 DFD \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u2014\u092f\u0939 <\/span><em dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/em><span> \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0964 \u090f\u091c\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926, DFD \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p id=\"LJbzwSz\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"DFD: \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915: Visual Paradigm AI \u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902\n\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-872 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"572\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751-768x429.png 768w\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093e <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-ai-assisted-top-down-decomposition-with-visual-paradigm\/\">DFD<\/a> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092c\u0941\u0932\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 DFD \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u091a\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u090f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 DFD \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>1. \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915: DFD &#8220;\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0930 DFD \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Yourdon\/DeMarco, Gane &amp; Sarson, SSADM) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <em>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/em>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0917\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0921\u0928\/\u0921\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong> (\u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0930)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915 <em>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930<\/em> \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928, \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0924<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \/ \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0924<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 (\u092c\u0941\u0932\u092c\u0941\u0932\u093e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938, \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0930<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e + \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u2192 <code data-backticks=\"1\">1.0 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">2.0 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/code>. \u092f\u0939 <em>\u0905\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/em> \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.0<\/code> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.1<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">2.2<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">2.3<\/code>\u2026).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e + \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u2192 <code data-backticks=\"1\">D1 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">D2 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u2192\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>2. \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 (\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940 (Data Flow Diagrams) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u00a0<strong>\u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928<\/strong>: \u0906\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>2.1 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 0)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u2014\u00a0<em>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/em>\u00a0\u090f\u0915\u00a0<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0964 \u092c\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091b\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0939\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0939\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u00a0<em>\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930<\/em>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u00a0<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u0948&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u0948&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u00a0<strong>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e<\/strong>. \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 <code data-backticks=\"1\">0<\/code>, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p id=\"nhyMcdm\"><img alt=\"DFD \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917: \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 0) \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-866 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"869\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1914px) 100vw, 1914px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8272c535.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8272c535.png 1914w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8272c535-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8272c535-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8272c535-768x349.png 768w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8272c535-1536x697.png 1536w\" width=\"1914\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-dot\"><code class=\"language-dot\" data-language=\"dot\" class=\"language-dot\">digraph DFD_Context {\r\n    graph [\r\n        rankdir = LR\r\n        splines = true\r\n        overlap = false\r\n        nodesep = 0.5\r\n        ranksep = 1.2\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 12\r\n        label = \"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u2014 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 0)\"\r\n        labelloc = t\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 11\r\n        penwidth = 1.5\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [shape = box, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E1F5FE\", color = \"#0288D1\"]\r\n    Customer; Supplier; Bank;\r\n\r\n    subgraph cluster_SystemBoundary {\r\n        label = \"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\";\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; bold\"\r\n        fontsize = 14\r\n        color = \"#757575\"\r\n        style = \"dashed,rounded\"\r\n        bgcolor = \"#FAFAFA\"\r\n        margin = 20\r\n\r\n        node [shape = circle, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E8F5E9\", color = \"#388E3C\", fixedsize = true, width = 1.6]\r\n        SYS [label=\"0n\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917n\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\"];\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    edge [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 9\r\n        color = \"#555555\"\r\n        arrowsize = 0.8\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    Customer -&gt; SYS [label=\"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\"];\r\n    SYS -&gt; Customer [label=\"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0914\u0930n\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\"];\r\n    Supplier -&gt; SYS [label=\"\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940n\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e\"];\r\n    SYS -&gt; Supplier [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915n\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\"];\r\n    Bank -&gt; SYS [label=\"\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928n\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928\"];\r\n    SYS -&gt; Bank [label=\"\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930n\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\"];\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902, <em>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/em> \u2014 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>2.2 \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 1 DFD<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915\u0932 <code data-backticks=\"1\">0<\/code> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 <strong>\u0909\u092a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c, \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> <em>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/em>. \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092c \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938 <code data-backticks=\"1\">0<\/code> \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0936\u093f\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>. \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p id=\"RuffzTj\"><img alt=\"DFD \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917: \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 DFD \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\n\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-867 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"872\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1913px) 100vw, 1913px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8a7c0a46.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8a7c0a46.png 1913w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8a7c0a46-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8a7c0a46-1024x467.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8a7c0a46-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8a7c0a46-1536x700.png 1536w\" width=\"1913\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-dot\"><code class=\"language-dot\" data-language=\"dot\" class=\"language-dot\">digraph DFD_Level1 {\r\n    graph [\r\n        rankdir = LR\r\n        splines = true\r\n        overlap = false\r\n        nodesep = 0.5\r\n        ranksep = 0.8\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 12\r\n        label = \"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u2014 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 DFD\"\r\n        labelloc = t\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 11\r\n        penwidth = 1.5\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [shape = box, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E1F5FE\", color = \"#0288D1\"]\r\n    Customer; Supplier; Bank;\r\n\r\n    subgraph cluster_SystemBoundary {\r\n        label = \"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940\";\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; bold\"\r\n        fontsize = 14\r\n        color = \"#757575\"\r\n        style = \"dashed,rounded\"\r\n        bgcolor = \"#FAFAFA\"\r\n        margin = 20\r\n\r\n        node [shape = circle, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E8F5E9\", color = \"#388E3C\", fixedsize = true, width = 1.4]\r\n        P1 [label=\"1.0n\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n        P2 [label=\"2.0n\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940n\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n        P3 [label=\"3.0n\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n        P4 [label=\"4.0n\u0936\u093f\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091fn\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n\r\n        node [shape = record, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#FFF9C4\", color = \"#FBC02D\", fixedsize = false]\r\n        CustomerDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D1 | \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 }\"];\r\n        InventoryDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D2 | \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 }\"];\r\n        OrderDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D3 | \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 }\"];\r\n        PaymentDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D4 | \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 }\"];\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    edge [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 9\r\n        color = \"#555555\"\r\n        arrowsize = 0.8\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    Customer -&gt; P1 [label=\"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\"];\r\n    Bank -&gt; P3 [label=\"\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928n\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928\"];\r\n    Supplier -&gt; P2 [label=\"\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940n\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e\"];\r\n    P1 -&gt; P2 [label=\"\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092fn\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\"];\r\n    P3 -&gt; P4 [label=\"\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928n\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924\"];\r\n    P1 -&gt; CustomerDS [label=\"\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940n\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f\", dir=both];\r\n    P2 -&gt; InventoryDS [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915n\u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0924\u093e\u091b\", dir=both];\r\n    P1 -&gt; OrderDS [label=\"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n    P3 -&gt; PaymentDS [label=\"\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928n\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\", dir=both];\r\n    P4 -&gt; OrderDS [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093fn\u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n    P2 -&gt; Supplier [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915n\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\"];\r\n    P4 -&gt; Customer [label=\"\u0936\u093f\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091fn\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\"];\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u00a0(<code data-backticks=\"1\">1.0<\/code>\u2026<code data-backticks=\"1\">4.0<\/code>) \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<code data-backticks=\"1\">0<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928<\/strong> (\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924) \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<em>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930<\/em> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <code data-backticks=\"1\">0<\/code> \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<em>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930<\/em> \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a<\/strong> (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <code data-backticks=\"1\">P1 -&gt; CustomerDS [dir=both]<\/code>) \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.3 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2 DFD (\u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 <em>\u090f\u0915\u0932<\/em> \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e further \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0906\u092a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 3, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 4, \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u093e \u092f\u093e <strong>\u091d\u0942\u0920\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0921<\/strong> \u2014 \u0909\u0938 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/strong> (\u090f\u0915 <em>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u092e <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.0 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0902<\/code><\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 DFD \u0938\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.1 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947\u0902<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">2.2 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0902<\/code>, \u0914\u0930 <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.3 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p id=\"UisEPda\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"DFD \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 - \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2 DFD (\u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947) \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 Graphviz \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 Visual Paradigm \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-868 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"871\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1918px) 100vw, 1918px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8ea79851.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8ea79851.png 1918w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8ea79851-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8ea79851-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8ea79851-768x349.png 768w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb8ea79851-1536x698.png 1536w\" width=\"1918\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-dot\"><code class=\"language-dot\" data-language=\"dot\" class=\"language-dot\">digraph DFD_Level2 {\r\n    graph [\r\n        rankdir = LR\r\n        splines = true\r\n        overlap = false\r\n        nodesep = 0.4\r\n        ranksep = 0.8\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 12\r\n        label = \"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u2014 \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 2 DFD (2.0 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928)\r\n        labelloc = t\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 11\r\n        penwidth = 1.5\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [shape = box, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E1F5FE\", color = \"#0288D1\"]\r\n    P1_Parent [label=\"1.0 \/ 3.0n(\u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940)\"];\r\n    Supplier;\r\n\r\n    subgraph cluster_SystemBoundary {\r\n        label = \"2.0 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0947\u0915 (\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924)\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; bold\"\r\n        fontsize = 14\r\n        color = \"#757575\"\r\n        style = \"dashed,rounded\"\r\n        bgcolor = \"#FAFAFA\"\r\n        margin = 20\r\n\r\n        node [shape = circle, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E8F5E9\", color = \"#388E3C\", fixedsize = true, width = 1.4]\r\n        P21 [label=\"2.1n\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940n\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\"];\r\n        P22 [label=\"2.2n\u091c\u093e\u0902\u091an\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e\"];\r\n        P23 [label=\"2.3n\u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924n\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\"];\r\n\r\n        node [shape = record, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#FFF9C4\", color = \"#FBC02D\", fixedsize = false]\r\n        InventoryDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D2 | \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 }\"];\r\n        OrderDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D3 | \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 }\"];\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    edge [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 9\r\n        color = \"#555555\"\r\n        arrowsize = 0.8\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    P1_Parent -&gt; P21 [label=\"\u0935\u0948\u0927n\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\"];\r\n    P22 -&gt; P1_Parent [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915n\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\"];\r\n    Supplier -&gt; P22 [label=\"\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093en\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\"];\r\n    P21 -&gt; P22 [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915n\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\"];\r\n    P22 -&gt; P23 [label=\"\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093en\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\"];\r\n    P23 -&gt; P1_Parent [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915n\u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\"];\r\n    P21 -&gt; InventoryDS [label=\"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\", dir=both];\r\n    P23 -&gt; InventoryDS [label=\"\u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924n\u0918\u091f\u093e\u090f\u0902\", dir=both];\r\n    P23 -&gt; OrderDS [label=\"\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093fn\u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f\"];\r\n    P22 -&gt; OrderDS [label=\"\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930n\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\"];\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u0906\u092a \u0915\u092c \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921\u094b\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 1 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 3 \u092f\u093e 4 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>3. \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFDs \u2014 <em>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/em> \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e<\/h2>\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p id=\"DTfgoNs\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFDs - \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-874 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"572\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebd04a475e.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebd04a475e.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebd04a475e-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebd04a475e-768x429.png 768w\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong> \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\/\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\/\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <em>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>DFDs<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\/\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<em>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/em> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e <em>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947<\/em> \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d, \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 1, \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 2) \u0915\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFD \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFD \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFD \u2014 <em>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/em> \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930<em>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/em> \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u091c\u0930\u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0938\u092e\u092f\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e DFD \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFD \u0938\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e, \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u2014 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932<em>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915<\/em> \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930<em>\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915<\/em> \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ZezuoGa\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"DFD \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917: \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFD \u2014 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 Graphviz \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 Visual Paradigm \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-869 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"872\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb92b28368.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb92b28368.png 1919w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb92b28368-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb92b28368-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb92b28368-768x349.png 768w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb92b28368-1536x698.png 1536w\" width=\"1919\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz:eNqtVO1q2zAU\/V\/oO1w8GC2kJU4blpC1kCYxK3SjtIz9aEKRrZtYTJY8SenHusIeYk+4J5lkx5bTtGxjs\/\/YR\/de3XOOrihbKJKnMI7G12dywRLC4WF7C+xTLlyVP+5RRHymTMERnF14VOecCdQWNWqJHpc3qDjJLT4nXDcWhKSo0S2097vr1Su45+G5FEaQDC0evEN+g8b22BoqRnhLE6H3NCo2D9YTNPvqEsKOhzmJkbsiFUvLGH5+\/wGfUmLApAj6XhvMgEpLZkdIYFnOMUNhiGFSQMyI3g2eFOQyccRLdLa9VX44hk3h\/olD6OEcxS2jJnVwJd2TTXVKcpcWy7sWaHPPi03njHOkQQvcRyK5dCYGryZh1I0mFvZQu9PrjcNgVtYcLbWRGaoBXBoynw+qvfQyLk9Hwm0EquvLQrsTuRSUqPvqBK3p\/h6zGJVOWQ5lNOysrNgNBn+r1cAS5PQFxQ497Im96bq3kVGLQ4lOkbaUax6bNeOFT4+G7m0sZkQtmLBrnXalyqYLCVMJxz8wohd1J\/01Iw56vcnBqIi8Q7qi5iasBf4MHM78zuchXBViHwXhfnsqLnDBnDdTUSofzBoqn3fq4I4LPtV6iS5H4C3hRehLnBQmUtHfc4qiqD86XOMUnYzanfETTsXt0OBRdju+rBt8gLeMHsM4hG+rRbgoetDwWJN6rBpGuvhvs9d\/7iB1i6eRQJSSt6uM+uqqx7IaIdg7blrkp2Eqhrm9QpPilqn5FPNW5HinVu44m74sUZs62Na1kRvCDSndMN+Wey70Y06JQXjtahNa6Wudsvf9USxNup5fk9po7YO0+mKx3eMvYzTEug==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-dot\"><code class=\"language-dot\" data-language=\"dot\" class=\"language-dot\">digraph DFD_Logical {\r\n    graph [\r\n        rankdir = LR\r\n        splines = true\r\n        overlap = false\r\n        nodesep = 0.5\r\n        ranksep = 0.8\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 12\r\n        label = \"\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFD \u2014 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)\"\r\n        labelloc = t\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 11\r\n        penwidth = 1.5\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [shape = box, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E1F5FE\", color = \"#0288D1\"]\r\n    Customer; Staff;\r\n\r\n    subgraph cluster_SystemBoundary {\r\n        label = \"\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915)\";\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; bold\"\r\n        fontsize = 14\r\n        color = \"#757575\"\r\n        style = \"dashed,rounded\"\r\n        bgcolor = \"#FAFAFA\"\r\n        margin = 20\r\n\r\n        node [shape = circle, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E8F5E9\", color = \"#388E3C\", fixedsize = true, width = 1.4]\r\n        P1 [label=\"1.0n\u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923n\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\"];\r\n        P2 [label=\"2.0n\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093en\u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\"];\r\n\r\n        node [shape = record, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#FFF9C4\", color = \"#FBC02D\", fixedsize = false]\r\n        MemberDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D1 | \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 }\"];\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    edge [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 9\r\n        color = \"#555555\"\r\n        arrowsize = 0.8\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    Customer -&gt; P1 [label=\"\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093en\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\"];\r\n    Staff -&gt; P2 [label=\"\u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923n\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\"];\r\n    P1 -&gt; MemberDS [label=\"\u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093en\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\"];\r\n    P2 -&gt; MemberDS [label=\"\u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930n\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\", dir=both];\r\n    P2 -&gt; Customer [label=\"\u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923n\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e\"];\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>3.2 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFD \u2014<em>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947<\/em> \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928: \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932\/\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u0932\u094b\u0917, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">DBMS \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 (HTTPS, JSON, JDBC, JMS), \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0935\u0939<strong>\u0939\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFD \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2014 \u0928\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<code data-backticks=\"1\">1.0<\/code> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<em>\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930)<\/em>, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<em>MySQL<code data-backticks=\"1\">members_db<\/code><\/em>, \u090f\u0915<em>\u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/em> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p id=\"vxSaHGL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"DFD \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917: \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFD \u2014 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 Graphviz \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 Visual Paradigm \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-870 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"869\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1914px) 100vw, 1914px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb95aee55a.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb95aee55a.png 1914w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb95aee55a-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb95aee55a-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb95aee55a-768x349.png 768w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7eb95aee55a-1536x697.png 1536w\" width=\"1914\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">DOT<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-dot\"><code class=\"language-dot\" data-language=\"dot\" class=\"language-dot\">digraph DFD_Physical {\r\n    graph [\r\n        rankdir = LR\r\n        splines = true\r\n        overlap = false\r\n        nodesep = 0.5\r\n        ranksep = 0.8\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 12\r\n        label = \"Physical DFD \u2014 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917)\"\r\n        labelloc = t\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 11\r\n        penwidth = 1.5\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    node [shape = box, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E1F5FE\", color = \"#0288D1\"]\r\n    CustomerWeb [label=\"\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915n\u0935\u0947\u092c \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932\"];\r\n    FrontOffice [label=\"\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0902\u091fn\u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938\"];\r\n\r\n    subgraph cluster_SystemBoundary {\r\n        label = \"\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915)\";\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; bold\"\r\n        fontsize = 14\r\n        color = \"#757575\"\r\n        style = \"dashed,rounded\"\r\n        bgcolor = \"#FAFAFA\"\r\n        margin = 20\r\n\r\n        node [shape = circle, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#E8F5E9\", color = \"#388E3C\", fixedsize = true, width = 1.5]\r\n        SRV [label=\"\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930n\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093en(\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930)\"];\r\n\r\n        node [shape = record, style = \"filled\", fillcolor = \"#FFF9C4\", color = \"#FBC02D\", fixedsize = false]\r\n        MySQLDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D1 | MySQLnmembers_db }\"];\r\n        QueueDS [label=\"{ &lt;id&gt; D2 | \u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932n\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0930 }\"];\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    edge [\r\n        fontname = \"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"\r\n        fontsize = 9\r\n        color = \"#555555\"\r\n        arrowsize = 0.8\r\n    ]\r\n\r\n    CustomerWeb -&gt; SRV [label=\"HTTPS POSTn\/registern(JSON)\"];\r\n    FrontOffice -&gt; SRV [label=\"\u0921\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u091f\u0949\u092a \u0910\u092anAPI \u0932\u0949\u0917\u093f\u0928\"];\r\n    SRV -&gt; MySQLDS [label=\"JDBC Insertn&amp; Select Txn\", dir=both];\r\n    SRV -&gt; QueueDS [label=\"JMSn\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936\"];\r\n    SRV -&gt; CustomerWeb [label=\"HTTP 200n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932\"];\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit DOT in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#graphviz: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\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>VPasCode \u092e\u0947\u0902 DOT \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFD \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong> (\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d) \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902<em>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940\u0924\u093e<\/em> \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947, \u092b\u093f\u0930<strong>\u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFD \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u2014 \u091c\u092c &#8220;\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e&#8221; \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c &#8220;\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947&#8221; \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>4. DFD \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 (\u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928<strong>\u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/strong>) \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u2248 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2+ \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \/ \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, <em>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915<\/em> \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f (\u0921\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b, \u0917\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0928, \u092f\u094b\u0930\u0921\u0949\u0928) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2\u2026<\/strong> \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f <strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\/\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u092d\u0947\u0926\u0964<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>5. \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/h2>\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930, \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0940\u0932\u0947-\u0922\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p id=\"MdLRAuS\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 DFDs \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e Visual Paradigm \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\n\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-873 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"572\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebcc019695.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebcc019695.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebcc019695-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebcc019695-768x429.png 768w\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0964<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e + \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">0<\/code>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">1.0<\/code>\u2026<code data-backticks=\"1\">4.0<\/code>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">2.1<\/code>\u2026<code data-backticks=\"1\">2.3<\/code>). \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948 <code data-backticks=\"1\">D1<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">D2<\/code>, \u2026 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 (\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f)\u0964<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f <strong>\u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.0<\/code> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <code data-backticks=\"1\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930<\/code> \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <code data-backticks=\"1\">\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/code>, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932 2 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 <code data-backticks=\"1\">2.0<\/code>\u00a0<em>\u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/em> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947 <code data-backticks=\"1\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930<\/code> \u0914\u0930 <em>\u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/em> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947 <code data-backticks=\"1\">\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/code> \u2014 \u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915, \u0928 \u0915\u092e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u0947-\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<em>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/em>\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u0947-\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0921\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\/\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0921\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915<em>\u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930<\/em>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u0926\u094b \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948), \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915<strong>\u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0924\u0940\u0930<\/strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928<code data-backticks=\"1\">dir=both<\/code>\u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">\"\u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0930\u0940\"<\/code>), \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902; \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921\u094b\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>6. \u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h2>\n<p>\u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 DFD \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b Graphviz \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">#E1F5FE<\/code>\u00a0\/\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">#0288D1<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong> \u2014 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">#E8F5E9<\/code>\u00a0\/\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">#388E3C<\/code>), \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921-\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">#FFF9C4<\/code>\u00a0\/\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">#FBC02D<\/code>) \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 + \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (<code data-backticks=\"1\">D2 | \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0940<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u0948\u0936\u0926\u093e\u0930, \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930) \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">#FAFAFA<\/code>) \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0942\u0938\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">#757575<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f-\u0927\u0942\u0938\u0930 (<code data-backticks=\"1\">#555555<\/code>), \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\">\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/code>\u00a0\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>7. DFD \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/h2>\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 DFD \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u00a0<em>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \/ \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 n)? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u00a0<strong>\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b (\u0907\u0928\/\u0906\u0909\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u094b\u0902 (data descriptors) \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\/\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u090f\u0915\u0932<code data-backticks=\"1\">dir=both<\/code> \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908\u2194\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \/ \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908\u2194\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\" data-task=\"\">\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0940\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 (functional primitive) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>8. \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e = \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0964<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d (\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 0) \u2192 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \u2192 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2 \u2192 \u2026 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f<strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f = \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFDs \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<em>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/em>; \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 DFDs \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<em>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947<\/em>. \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937<strong>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 (orthogonal)<\/strong> \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>DFD \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\/\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\/\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915&#8221; \u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938-\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (DeMarco, Gane &amp; Sarson, Yourdon) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \/ \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1 \/ \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2<\/strong> plus the<strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\/\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u092d\u0947\u0926\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 DFDs<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 0\u20132 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947, \u092b\u093f\u0930<strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940 (DFD) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u00a0\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\">\u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091a\u093e\u0930 Graphviz \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 (&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/navigating-system-complexity-a-comprehensive-guide-to-data-flow-diagram-levels\/\">\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2, \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\/\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/a>) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b Graphviz \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/span><\/h2>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 <a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/dfd-maker\/\">\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/a> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u2014\u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e\u2014\u0906\u092a DFD \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/span><em dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/em><span> \u0915\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f (\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915) \u0914\u0930 <\/span><em dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947<\/span><\/em><span> \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e (\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span>\u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f DFD \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/knowledge\/system-context-diagram\/what-is-system-context-diagram\/\">\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/a> \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u090f\u0915<a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/understanding-data-flow-diagram-dfd-levels-and-levelling-criteria\/\"> \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 2 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/a> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0916\u094b \u0928 \u091c\u093e\u090f; \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921\u094b\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917 7 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 Graphviz \u091f\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b DFD \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-from-manual-drawing-to-ai-assisted-modeling-with-visual-paradigm\/\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0924: \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 Visual Paradigm \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 AI-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/a>: DFD \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932, \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0914\u0930 VP AI \u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 AI-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide-to-ai-assisted-top-down-decomposition-with-visual-paradigm\/\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0924: Visual Paradigm \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 AI-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u091f\u0949\u092a-\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong><\/a>: \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f Visual Paradigm \u0915\u0947 AI \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0949\u092a-\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 1, 2 \u0914\u0930 3 DFD \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.visual-paradigm.com\/tw\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-with-visual-paradigm-a-step-by-step-guide\/\"><strong>Visual Paradigm \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0924: \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong><\/a>: \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u091c\u094b DFD \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091f\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skills.visual-paradigm.com\/fr\/docs\/dfd-vs-uml-when-to-use-each\/creating-dfd-uml-visual-paradigm-tools\/how-to-create-dfd-with-visual-paradigm-desktop\/\"><strong>Visual Paradigm Desktop \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 DFD \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong><\/a>: \u0921\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u091f\u0949\u092a \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930-1 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/skills.visual-paradigm.com\/docs\/mastering-data-flow-diagram-leveling-and-balancing\/\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong><\/a>: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/es\/beginners-guide-to-data-flow-diagrams-dfd-with-visual-paradigm-online\/\"><strong>Visual Paradigm Online \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (DFD) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong><\/a>: \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u091c\u094b DFD \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 Visual Paradigm \u0915\u0947 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932, \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/resources\/data-flow-diagram\/examples\/\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/a>: \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0910\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f DFD \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (DFD). \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","inline_featured_image":false,"source_url":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_fifu_image_alt":"","fifu_alt":"","_fifu_alt":"","fifu_image_title":"","_fifu_image_title":"","fifu_input_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"asset-category":[],"class_list":["post-352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dfd"],"source_url":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (DFD). \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-14T07:01:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T15:28:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"curtis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"curtis\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/person\/1edf4cfef8a4119891eded121a4ddf16\"},\"headline\":\"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-14T07:01:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T15:28:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\"},\"wordCount\":161,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"DFD\"],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\",\"name\":\"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-14T07:01:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T15:28:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/\",\"name\":\"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#organization\",\"name\":\"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2026\/03\/we-notes-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2026\/03\/we-notes-logo.png\",\"width\":1042,\"height\":322,\"caption\":\"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/person\/1edf4cfef8a4119891eded121a4ddf16\",\"name\":\"curtis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6910084565fcc601ec03c6693bb8ea480c1e52ccaa0efb299eb038bb6a1edc87?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6910084565fcc601ec03c6693bb8ea480c1e52ccaa0efb299eb038bb6a1edc87?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"curtis\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/author\/curtis\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/","og_locale":"hi_IN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub","og_description":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (DFD). \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/","og_site_name":"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub","article_published_time":"2026-08-14T07:01:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T15:28:57+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"curtis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924":false,"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f":"11 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/"},"author":{"name":"curtis","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/person\/1edf4cfef8a4119891eded121a4ddf16"},"headline":"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e","datePublished":"2026-08-14T07:01:03+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T15:28:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/"},"wordCount":161,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png","articleSection":["DFD"],"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/","url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/","name":"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png","datePublished":"2026-08-14T07:01:03+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T15:28:57+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/img_6a7ebae18e751.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/mastering-data-flow-diagrams-hierarchy-intent-and-the-rules-of-balance\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0924\u093e: \u0939\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/","name":"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#organization","name":"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub","url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2026\/03\/we-notes-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2026\/03\/we-notes-logo.png","width":1042,"height":322,"caption":"We Notes \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u2013 Collaborative AI Insights &amp; Intelligence Hub"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/person\/1edf4cfef8a4119891eded121a4ddf16","name":"curtis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6910084565fcc601ec03c6693bb8ea480c1e52ccaa0efb299eb038bb6a1edc87?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6910084565fcc601ec03c6693bb8ea480c1e52ccaa0efb299eb038bb6a1edc87?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"curtis"},"url":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/author\/curtis\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/352\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=352"},{"taxonomy":"asset-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/in\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset-category?post=352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}