{"id":90,"date":"2026-04-03T13:57:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T13:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/cn\/designing-scalable-erd-diagrams-high-traffic-backend\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T13:57:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T13:57:46","slug":"designing-scalable-erd-diagrams-high-traffic-backend","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.we-notes.com\/cn\/designing-scalable-erd-diagrams-high-traffic-backend\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u540e\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684ER\u56fe"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n
\"Whimsical<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

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    \n
  • \u8bc6\u522b\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u6700\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n
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    1. \u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0<\/h3>\n

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    2. \u5206\u533a\u4e0e\u5206\u7247\u952e<\/h3>\n

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      \n
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      \u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u5b9e\u4f53<\/h3>\n

      \u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u7c7b\u6216\u5c42\u7ea7\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6b64\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u9012\u5f52\u53ef\u80fd\u8017\u5c3d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5e94\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u94fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u5316\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd0d \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n

      ERD\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u7d22\u5f15\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u68c0\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56fe\u8868\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u54ea\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u4e3b\u952e\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u952e\u662f\u805a\u96c6\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u6309\u8be5\u952e\u7269\u7406\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u788e\u7247\u5316\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4e8c\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/strong> \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fc7\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f1a\u51cf\u6162\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5728 `WHERE`\u3001`JOIN` \u6216 `ORDER BY` \u5b50\u53e5\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5217\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0e\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u2696\ufe0f \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/h2>\n

        \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7406\u8bba\u7ecf\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bbaCAP\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9a\u7406\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u5206\u533a\u5bb9\u9519\u6027\u3002\u4f60\u7684ERD\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5916\u952e\u548cACID\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u671f\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5bbd\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u7684ERD\u5e94\u652f\u6301\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u7248\u672c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u5217\u6765\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd04 \u6a21\u5f0f\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n

        \u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u6c42\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0d\u9020\u6210\u505c\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002\u8fc1\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\u5fc5\u987b\u878d\u5165ERD\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u6dfb\u52a0\u5217\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5e94\u8bbe\u4e3a\u53ef\u7a7a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e7\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u586b\u5145\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
        2. \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216JSON\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n
        3. \u903b\u8f91\u5220\u9664\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8981\u7269\u7406\u5220\u9664\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u975e\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8868\u4e2d\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea7\u8054\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \ud83d\uded1 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u9677\u9631<\/h2>\n

          \u5373\u4f7f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9677\u9631\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9636\u6bb5\u8282\u7701\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

          1. N+1 \u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

          \u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u7684ERD\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e00\u8d77\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u578b\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

          2. \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef<\/h3>\n

          \u5f53\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u5927\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684ERD\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u9650\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u7ed3\u679c\u6f5c\u5728\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u952e\u4e0a\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

          3. \u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h3>\n

          \u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0d\u5e94\u76f8\u4e92\u5f62\u6210\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53A\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4f53B\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u4f53B\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4f53A\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u671f\u95f4\u9020\u6210\u6b7b\u9501\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u95f4\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u6309\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udcdd \u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7<\/h2>\n

          \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u5e94\u6307\u5bfc\u672a\u6765\u5bf9ERD\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u5c31\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6ERD\uff0c\u770b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u788e\u7247\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/strong> \u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b58\u50a8\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002\u5e94\u89c4\u5212\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u91cd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\uff1a<\/strong> \u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u6c42\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f30\u7b97\u4f60\u6700\u5927\u8868\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u524d\u89c4\u5212\u5206\u7247\u6216\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n

            \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u56fe\u8868\u65f6\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u9700\u6c42\u6536\u96c6\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u4e49\u8bfb\u5199\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
            2. \u903b\u8f91\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a<\/strong> \u521b\u5efaERD\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e1a\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u62c5\u5fc3\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n
            3. \u7269\u7406\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u5206\u533a\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n
            4. \u5ba1\u67e5\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u9501\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n
            5. \u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/strong> \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7ea7\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \ud83d\udd2e \u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u505a\u597d\u672a\u6765\u51c6\u5907<\/h2>\n

              \u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u91cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u60a8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u529f\u80fd\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u5e94\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u5e95\u5c42\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u524d\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u8db3\u591f\u97e7\u6027\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u53ef\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u4e14\u957f\u671f\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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